France is among one of the oldest nations is a country in western Europe, borders Germany and Switzerland in the east, Luxembourg on the northeast, Monaco and Italy in the southeast, Spain and Andorra in the south, North Sea in the north, the English Channel in the northwest, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Mediterranean sea in the southeast. France population in 2024 is estimated to be 68.07 million, with combined area of 640,679 sq km (247,368 sq mi), twentieth populous country in the world. Paris is the capital of France and most popular city of the world, other major cities are Lyon, Marseille, Nantes and Bordeaux. France officially French Republic has several coastal territories in Americas, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Oceans. France overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, the French West Indies, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic and several islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. In 2020, life expectancy at birth for women was 85.1 years and 79.1 for men, 6 years longer than that for men. Women aged between 25 and 64 had a higher level of education than men, 60.7% of women had at least bachelors, 6.7 points higher than their male counterparts. 26% of women had successfully completed three or more years of higher education compared with 23.5% of men.
| Population Indicators | |
|---|---|
| Fertility Rate | 2.0 |
France Population Indicators
Fertility rate is 2.0 births per woman in 2017.
| Year | Population | births over deaths | Estimated migration | Crude rate(per 1,000 inhabitants) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 41,828,673 | 327,830 | 35,000 | 7.8 |
| 1960 | 45,684,227 | 298,859 | 140,000 | 6.5 |
| 1970 | 50,772,227 | 308,104 | 179,911 | 6.0 |
| 1980 | 53,880,009 | 253,269 | 43,974 | 4.7 |
| 1990 | 56,708,831 | 236,206 | 80,000 | 4.1 |
| 2000 | 59,062,385 | 243,918 | 70,000 | 4.1 |
| 2010 | 62,917,790 | 261,755 | 43,354 | 4.2 |
| 2011 | 63,223,158 | 258,201 | 47,426 | 4.0 |
| 2012 | 63,536,918 | 231,063 | 90,831 | 3.6 |
| 2013 | 63,862,825 | 223,213 | 106,706 | 3.5 |
| 2014 | 64,164,390 | 234,164 | 38,699 | 3.7 |
| 2015 | 64,384,807 | 178,651 | 53,025 | 2.8 |
| 2016 | 64,553,963 | 163,624 | 87,964 | 2.5 |
| 2017 | 64,741,585 | 136,636 | 166,654 | 2.1 |
| 2018 | 64,916,130 | 123,185 | 103,000 | 1.9 |
| 2019 | 65,056,033 | 114,621 | 103,000 | 1.8 |
| 2020 | 65,179,843 | 43,000 | 103,000 | 0.7 |
| Urban area | 2017(in millions) |
|---|---|
| Paris | 10.8 |
| Lyon | 1.7 |
| Marseille, Aix-en-Provence | 1.6 |
| Lille | 1.0 |
| Toulouse | 1.0 |
| Bordeaux | 1.0 |
| Nice | 0.9 |
| Nantes | 0.6 |
| Toulon | 0.6 |
| Douai-Lens | 0.5 |
The priority neighborhoods are home to 7.7% of the population. This proportion ranges from 2.7% in Bretagne to 12.9% in Île-de-France. It is higher in the overseas departments (except Martinique), particularly in Guyane, where the percentage is 43.6%. The priority neighborhoods are home to a younger population, with almost the population is twice as many people under 20 years of age as people over 60 years of age, while these two populations are of equal size in metropolitan France and in the urban areas surrounding the priority neighborhoods.
Proportion of the population living in priority neighbourhoods in 2016:| Region | Proportion of the population |
|---|---|
| Île-de-France | 12.9 |
| Centre-Val-de-Loire | 6.0 |
| Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | 5.2 |
| Normandie | 5.7 |
| Hauts-de-France | 11.0 |
| Grand Est | 7.1 |
| Pays de la Loire | 4.0 |
| Bretagne | 2.7 |
| Nouvelle-Aquitaine | 3.5 |
| Occitanie | 6.1 |
| Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes | 5.1 |
| Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur | 10.2 |
| Corse | 4.3 |
| Guadeloupe | 14.0 |
| Martinique | 6.7 |
| Guyane | 43.6 |
| La Réunion1 | 19.6 |
| France (excluding Mayotte and La Réunion) | 7.7 |
The unemployment rate of the urban regions is three times higher than the national average and the activity rate is lower. The rate of unemployment among women is slightly lower than that of men, but their activity rate is significantly lower. The median disposable income in priority neighborhoods is 13,500 euros compared with 21,000 euros for the surrounding urban areas and at national level. The poverty rate in these areas is almost three times higher.
| Immigrants in Thousands | Inflow of immigrants | Outflow of immigrants | Migratory balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 208 | -45 | 163 |
| 2007 | 203 | -65 | 138 |
| 2008 | 206 | -65 | 141 |
| 2009 | 204 | -73 | 131 |
| 2010 | 211 | -69 | 142 |
| 2011 | 217 | -58 | 159 |
| 2012 | 229 | -56 | 174 |
| 2013 | 236 | -51 | 185 |
| 2014 | 234 | -40 | 194 |
| 2015 | 253 | -69 | 185 |
| 2016 | 259 | -38 | 222 |
| 2017 | 261 | -63 | 198 |
| 2018 | 273 | n/a | n/a |
| 2019 | 272 | n/a | n/a |
In 2020, 48% of immigrants were born in Africa, 32% in Europe, 14% in Asia and 6% in America and Oceania. Half of them are aged between 25 and 54 years. 6.8 million immigrants were living in France, which amounts to 10.2% of the total population. 2.5 million immigrants, or 36.0% of them, have acquired French nationality. The immigrant population represented 7.4% of the population living in France in 1975 at 5.0% in 1946. France population in 2023 is estimated to be 67.96 million, population in 2022 is estimated to be 67.6 million, and in 2021 is estimated to be 67.41 million.
By 2021, 57.7 percent are living in their own house, 39.9 percent are tenants. Total primary residences are 30.4 million, Out of owned houses, 20 percent are owned with mortgage and 37.7 percent are owned outright. Home-owners households are more likely to be two, three or four-person households, conversely, almost one in two households that rent their home are single-person households. The increase in rents has been driven by revaluations for existing tenants, following a significant increases during the late 1980s, increases in rent have slowed and remained at very low levels since 2015. Housing prices, which are mainly driven by second-hand dwellings, have increased faster, in spite of a decline in 2009.
In 2020, 736,000 babies were born in France, which is 17,000 fewer births than in 2019 (-2.3%). The number of births has fallen year-on-year for the last six years. Although this decline appeared to stall in 2019 (-0.7%), it picked up pace again in 2020. This decline can be explained by the fall in the number of females of child bearing age within the population, by the decrease of their fertility rate. The number of women aged between 20 and 40 years, i.e. those who are most fertile, has in fact been decreasing since the mid-1990. In 2020, it was 1.83 children per woman, compared with 1.86 in 2019 and around 2.00 between 2006 and 2014.
| Year | Birth rate (per 1000 inhabitants) | Total fertility rate (live births per 100 women) | Average age of mothers(years) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 10.9 | 182.8 | 30.8 |
| 2019 | 11.2 | 186.4 | 30.7 |
| 2018 | 11.3 | 187.0 | 30.6 |
| 2017 | 11.5 | 189.3 | 30.5 |
| 2016 | 11.8 | 192.4 | 30.5 |
| 2015 | 12.0 | 195.5 | 30.4 |
| 2014 | 12.4 | 199.9 | 30.3 |
| 2013 | 12.3 | 198.8 | 30.2 |
| 2012 | 12.6 | 200.8 | 30.1 |
| 2011 | 12.7 | 201.0 | 30.0 |
| 2010 | 12.9 | 202.9 | 29.9 |
| 2009 | 12.8 | 200.4 | 29.9 |
| 2008 | 12.9 | 200.7 | 29.8 |
| 2007 | 12.8 | 197.7 | 29.8 |
| 2006 | 13.1 | 199.7 | 29.7 |
| 2005 | 12.8 | 193.8 | 29.6 |
| 2004 | 12.8 | 191.5 | 29.5 |
| 2003 | 12.8 | 189.1 | 29.5 |
| 2002 | 12.9 | 188.1 | 29.4 |
| 2001 | 13.1 | 189.5 | 29.3 |
| 2000 | 13.3 | 189.3 | 29.3 |
| 1999 | 12.9 | 180.8 | 29.3 |
| 1998 | 12.8 | 177.9 | 29.3 |
| 1997 | 12.7 | 174.5 | 29.1 |
| 1996 | 12.8 | 175.0 | 29.0 |
| 1995 | 12.8 | 173.0 | 28.9 |
| 1994 | 12.5 | 168.3 | 28.8 |
By 2020, Women between the ages of 25 and 34 were the most fertile. However, there is a decline in their fertility, during the period of 2000 for those aged between 25 and 29, and in 2011 for those aged 30-34, has been picking up pace since 2015. From 2011, The fertility rate among the youngest women who are between 15 to 24 years old has been falling steadily. The fertility of women aged between 35 and 39 increased from the early 1980s until 2015 and compensated for the decline seen in the other age groups up until 2000, this is no longer the case as of 2015, since the rate has remained stable. The average age of child birth continues to increase steadily, 30.8 years in 2020 compared with 29.9 years a decade earlier.
Women born in 1950 had an average of 2.12 children during their lifetime and women born in the 1960s. Those born in 1970 had decreased to an average of 2.01 children. In 2020, more than a quarter of all births are children born to at least one foreign parent.
Households are becoming smaller now a days as unions become more fragile and the population ages. In 2018, 37% of France households comprised a single person, compared with 27% in 1990. In 2019, 224,800 marriages were celebrated and 196,400 are civil partnerships (PACS). 6,400 marriages and 8,400 civil partnerships out of these 4.3% were between people of the same sex.
In 2020, despite the sharp slowdown in activity, the citizen purchasing power of disposable income increased by +0.4%. This change, which has been measured across all households of both urban and rural areas, includes the effects of population growth. When brought down to the individual level, purchasing power per consumption unit was stable at 0.0%. With the restrictive measures, household consumption fell in 2020. Since the early 1990s, The savings rate thus reached 21.4% of gross disposable income, whereas it had fluctuated around 15%. Over the past fifty years, the economy is growing with the interdependence has resulted in an increase in the share of foreign trade in gross domestic product (GDP). The France share of exports and imports of goods and services more than doubled between 1968 and 2020, increasing from 14% to around 29% of GDP. In 2020, exports covering 93% of total imports.
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